The kinetics of a homogeneous liquid reaction are studied in a flow reactor, and to approximate plug flow the 48-cm long reactor is packed with 5- mm nonporous pellets. If the conversion is 99% for a mean residence time of 1 sec, calculate the rate constant for the first-order reaction I. assuming that the liquid passes in plug flow through the reactor II. accounting for the deviation of the actual flow from plug flow III. What is the error in calculated k if deviation from plug flow is not considered? Data: Bed voidage = 0.4 Particle Reynolds number = 200
A cable stretched between the fixed supportsA andBis under a tensionT of 4.8 kN. Express the tension as a vector using the unit vectorsi andj, first, as a forceTA acting onA and second, as a forceTB acting onB.
The dynamic response of a stirred-tank bioreactor can be represented by the transfer functionWhat are KandT in the process transfer function?(a)(b) If at another time the engineer changes the power input linearly at a rate of 0.5 kW/min, what can you say about the maximum rate of change of process temperature: When will it occur? How large will it be?C'(s)CF(s) 2s + 1where C’ is the exit substrate concentration, mol/L, and C} is the feed substrate concentration, mol!L.(a) Derive an expression for c'(t) if cp(t) is a rectangular pulse (Fig. 5.2) with the following characteristics:t<0 O:=st<2 2:=st<oo(b) What is the maximum value of c'(t)? When does it occur? What is the final value of c'(t)?(c) If the initial value is c(O) = 1, how long does it take for c(t) to return to a value of 1.05 after it has reached its maxi- mum value?5.5
Project description A report is required for the full design of a tubular reactor for the production of ethylene from the dehydration of ethanol. The ethylene produced in this reactor acts as a feedstock for the production of 200,000 tones per year of para-xylene alongside dimethylfuran. Both feedstocks are biomass derived with ethanol being produced from the formation of sugars from natural crops. The product pars-xylenes’ specification is defined to have a desired purity of 97%, however, the feedstock had no defined specifications, allowing these assumptions to be made from literature survey and own knowledge.
The plant is to be located in Triunfo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Contents
The report, i.e. final design report, should at least include (but not limited to) below main parts: (1) Project background, (2) project contents, (3) conclusions, and (4) app dices. And the report should follow the format of
• Cover sheet • Executive summary • Table of contents • Main contents • References & Nonmenclamre • Appendices
Steam at 1400 kPa and 598 K enters a nozzle with negligible velocity. The nozzle may be assumed to act isentropically. The cross sectional area at the outlet is 6.5 x 10 m2. Determine the state of the steam at the discharge endof the nozzle if the pressure there is 350 kPa. What is the mass flow rate of the steam?
Energy conversion: The combustion of octane takes multiple steps, but these can be condensed as 2C8H18 + 25O2 ? 16CO2 + 18H2O a. If this process is 100% efficient, how much thermal energy is produced via the combustion of 1 gallon of gasoline? Use the provided enthalpies at the end to support your answer. b. Gasoline consists of octane plus a number of other hydrocarbons. How much thermal energy is produced via combustion of a gallon of gasoline? What component of this comes from combustion of octane? c. Select a passenger car and calculate the efficiency of the vehicle in converting chemical
Given density (rho) = (A + BT) eCP and density is in g/cm3, T in deg C, P in atm, Find units of A, B C and given A =1.096, B = 0.0086 and C = 0.000953, find A, B, C if density is in lb / ft3 , P is in lbf / in2 and T is in R. (1 g/cm3 = 62.3053 lb / ft3 )
roject description A report is required for the progression of the design of a tubular reactor for the production of ethylene from the dehydration of ethanol. The ethylene produced in this reactor acts as a feedstock for the production of 200,000 tones per year of para-xylene alongside dimethylfuran. Both feedstocks are biomass derived with ethanol being produced from the formation of sugars from natural crops. The product para-xylenes’ specification is defined to have a desired purity of 97%, however, the feedstock had no defined specifications, allowing these assumptions to be made from literature survey and own knowledge.
The plant is to be located in Triunfo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Contents
The individual report, Assignment 1, should at least include (but not limited to) three main parts: (1) Project background as literature survey, (2) planned project contents, and (3) own contributions to the project and plan. And the report should follow the format of
• Cover sheet • Executive summary • Table of contents • Main contents • References
Page/word limits About 3,000 words are required, with necessary figures/tables/references. The overall pages should be less than 20 pages (inclusive all parts, e.g. cover, contents, and references, etc.)
Marking criterial Wilting (1.5 marks): structure, academic writing, figures/tables/references Technical content (2 marks): objectives, background, methodology, and critical thinking Contribution and plan (1.5 marks): engagement, discussion, tasks, and implementations
y and complete the following passage with the most appropriate
words, symbols or equations.
When graphing ?? = 3 sec 0.5??, the period is _______________. An
appropriate interval is ____________, and the asymptotes occur in this
interval where _________________. Thus, the asymptotes in this interval are
?? = ?? and _____________. We can define an inverse sine function on a
restricted domain. The inverse sine function is the function ??????-1 with the
domain ____________and range _______________ defined by ??????-1 ?? = ?? if
and only if _________________. The inverse sine function is also called
______________ denoted by ______________. Thus ?? = ??????-1 ?? is the number
in the interval ________________ whose sin is _________________. In fact from
the general properties of inverse function, we have the following
cancellation properties. ?????? (??????-1 ??)?? for ________________ and
??????-1
(sin ??) = ?? for _________________.
Fresh air at 250C in which partial pressure of water vapor is 15 mm Hg is blown initially through a preheater at a rate of 215 m3/hr and then adiabatically saturated in a spray chamber to 100% saturation and again reheated. This reheated air has a humidity of 0.024 kg water/kg dry air. It is assumed that the fresh air and the air leaving the reheaters have the same percentage humidity. Determine the temperature of air after preheater, spray chamber and reheater and heat requirements for preheating and reheating.
An elastic resistive transducer with an initial resistance Ro and length lo is stretched to a new length. Assuming that the cross-sectional area of the transducer changes during stretching, derive a mathematical relationship for the change in resistance ?R as a function of the initial length, lo; the change in length ?l; the volume of the transducer V; and the resistivity ?.
- A water tank is 30 ft in diameter and the normal depth is 25 ft. The outlet is a 4-in. horizontal pipe at the bottom. If this pipe is sheared off close to the tank, what is the initial flow rate of water from the tank? (Neglect friction loss in the short stub of pipe.) (b) How long will it take for the tank to be empty? (c) Calculate the average flow rate and compare it with the initial flow rate.
For each of the following relations, indicate the normal form for that relation. If the relation is not in third normal form, decompose it into 3NF relations. Functional dependencies (other than those implied by the primary key) are shown where appropriate: [8 Marks]
a. EMPLOYEE(EmployeeNo, ProjectNo)
b. EMPLOYEE(EmployeeNo, ProjectNo, Location)
c. EMPLOYEE(EmployeeNo, ProjectNo, Location, Allowance) [FD: Location ? Allowance]
d. EMPLOYEE(EmployeeNo, ProjectNo, Duration, Location, Allowance) [FD: Location ? Allowance], [FD: ProjectNo ? Duration]
A 1:4 scale turbine model is tested under a head of 12 m. The full scale prototype turbine is required to work under a head of 30 m and to run at 428 rpm. At what speed must the model be run? If the model develops 100 kW and uses 1.1 m3/s water at this speed, what power will be obtained from the full scale turbine, assuming that the efficiency is 3% better than the model?
An inward flow reaction turbine is supplied with water at the rate of 0.6 m3/s with a velocity of 2 m/s. The peripheral velocity and velocity of whirl at inlet is 24 m/s and 18 m/s respectively. Assuming the discharge to be radial at outlet and the velocity of flow to be constant, find (i) vane angle at inlet and (ii) head of water on the wheel.
A centrifugal pump having 300 mm diameter impeller is discharging water at the rate of 0.2 m3/s, while running at 1200 rpm. The discharge area at outlet is 0.1 m2 and vanes are bent backward at 35o to the tangent at outlet. The diameters of the suction and delivery pipes are 300 mm and 225 mm respectively. The gauges fixed on the suction and delivery pipes, close to the pump, show heads of 3.5 m below and 18.5 m above atmosphere respectively. If the power required for the pump is 71.6 kW, find (i) overall efficiency and (ii) manometric efficiency.